{ "schemaVersion": 1, "selection": "All 32 existing correction records, an attributable dormancy-related announcement and custody statements for the four accepted state catalogue records. Includes unresolved records; not a representative sample of Bitcoin reporting.", "records": [ { "id": "genesis-to-block-1-gap-not-six-days", "claim": "A full six days passed between the genesis block (block 0) and block 1.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Bitcoin Wiki", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "originalExcerpt": "a full 6 days after the genesis block.", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The two block headers are 463,160 seconds apart: five days, eight hours, thirty-nine minutes and twenty seconds (timestamps 1231006505 and 1231469665).", "sourceVerdict": "overstated", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "The two recorded block timestamps differ by 463,160 seconds: 5 days, 8 hours, 39 minutes and 20 seconds.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/genesis-block-coinbase-block-0/#story", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "2aec6eda6361d0db570c1fb317330ed0ca0945a4462bd78e78d1e7ff31c5c829", "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:01.311Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; 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The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/genesis-block-coinbase-block-0/#wallet-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "ab23fc52b9b198c8e90d8cc4c0a7435d7facab87901b980e5b25ae97c4c8521e", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:02.145Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "bytes": 35931 }, "textHash": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "textPath": "evidence/text/cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1.txt" }, { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "2aec6eda6361d0db570c1fb317330ed0ca0945a4462bd78e78d1e7ff31c5c829", "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:01.311Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "89047c460ca9420a2d13542d4c82f78f79fc234f8d5c08230a8ac6c7a71e8c21", "bytes": 29606 }, "textHash": "e749e8a5a63c7a3bf7743cf85fab763849ded6201f5e949d2775c0a2c43275cd", "textPath": "evidence/text/89047c460ca9420a2d13542d4c82f78f79fc234f8d5c08230a8ac6c7a71e8c21.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.689Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "sha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "textHash": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1" }, { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "sha256": "89047c460ca9420a2d13542d4c82f78f79fc234f8d5c08230a8ac6c7a71e8c21", "textHash": "e749e8a5a63c7a3bf7743cf85fab763849ded6201f5e949d2775c0a2c43275cd" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The original implementation hard-coded block 0 and never inserted its coinbase into the transaction database, so the output was never in the UTXO set. 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Later outputs paid to the address enter the UTXO set normally and the key carries no protocol-level restriction.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/genesis-block-coinbase-block-0/#story", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://gist.github.com/msinkec/5eaf5aa97ed0f5e8d66e7e32fd8b1a0a", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "0cbb4c4448a563c1b37ca622b86f7c2d12c865aa3471e866640a9e1609d8fec8", "url": "https://gist.github.com/msinkec/5eaf5aa97ed0f5e8d66e7e32fd8b1a0a", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:02.769Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "c475643da02583899d13feb2a9d1c85380350ac0ec79ffde0983e345415048a4", "bytes": 126274 }, "textHash": "4fa3aa5b80a1673ed31fd973cd351285ef5679910f0d28bcb7585205c85c76c6", "textPath": "evidence/text/c475643da02583899d13feb2a9d1c85380350ac0ec79ffde0983e345415048a4.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.689Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://gist.github.com/msinkec/5eaf5aa97ed0f5e8d66e7e32fd8b1a0a", "sha256": "c475643da02583899d13feb2a9d1c85380350ac0ec79ffde0983e345415048a4", "textHash": "4fa3aa5b80a1673ed31fd973cd351285ef5679910f0d28bcb7585205c85c76c6" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Only the original block 0 coinbase output is unspendable. 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matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcointalk/543/", "sha256": "97a0f0d40d3a5e5e7977d3c8c9606241edbf284f36decc954e2b989d1dd2f99f", "textHash": "c89e1febd22b942249ad691846baaeaac6d655902919569bcb7e4b7d81bfedc7" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcointalk/543/", "textSha256": "c89e1febd22b942249ad691846baaeaac6d655902919569bcb7e4b7d81bfedc7", "offset": 422, "excerpt": "December 12, 2010 at 18:22:33 UTC There's more" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "wikileaks-4000-btc-understates-donations", "claim": "WikiLeaks received about 4,000 BTC in Bitcoin donations.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine", "publicationDate": "2016-12-02T02:54:01.000Z", "originalUrl": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/wikileaks-public-donation-address-receives-th-bitcoin-1480629241", "originalExcerpt": "The total amount of bitcoins WikiLeaks received is", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The 4,000 BTC figure is the public address only; 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This edition does not support attributing a total-donations claim to that article; the inherited claim remains unresolved as registered.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/wikileaks-published-donation-address-2011/#story", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/wikileaks-public-donation-address-receives-th-bitcoin-1480629241", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "f2e6131aae90d54fe65267e6936b06654ceb145bb27e4a95a3b067a77cb8e310", "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/wikileaks-public-donation-address-receives-th-bitcoin-1480629241", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:07.066Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "61d960db83ef0ff85d0b53173f0c652d26b55d5760bd2e074e12c560ae66636d", "bytes": 525239 }, "textHash": "62fbff84e07ea006b72875de395b0411bef7d378d6d3ee689499157ce197847c", "textPath": "evidence/text/61d960db83ef0ff85d0b53173f0c652d26b55d5760bd2e074e12c560ae66636d.txt" }, { "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "314ed88842ad9b713b3c233a2e748f41ddb9837dcafda20c18acab7031428dff", "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:08.635Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/pdf", "sha256": "b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d", "bytes": 3560499 }, "textHash": "6b05395393b78dd8a705eab1105e9743f974688c0993e35f8d30e3f455d7a7a3", "textPath": "evidence/text/b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d.txt" }, { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1HB5XMLmzFVj8ALj6mfBsbifRoD4miY36v", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "c128f265d713ca9f37757b8ab6236ef6d21d3ceacd24fbcaeda5fc3a53937869", "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1HB5XMLmzFVj8ALj6mfBsbifRoD4miY36v", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:10.984Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "ce442c5c7ed855646fb13f1fbb9790f03cbb02d52052a1b4c807af09c59daf43", "bytes": 5170665 }, "textHash": "ce442c5c7ed855646fb13f1fbb9790f03cbb02d52052a1b4c807af09c59daf43", "textPath": "evidence/text/ce442c5c7ed855646fb13f1fbb9790f03cbb02d52052a1b4c807af09c59daf43.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.695Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/wikileaks-public-donation-address-receives-th-bitcoin-1480629241", "sha256": "61d960db83ef0ff85d0b53173f0c652d26b55d5760bd2e074e12c560ae66636d", "textHash": "62fbff84e07ea006b72875de395b0411bef7d378d6d3ee689499157ce197847c" }, { "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "sha256": "b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d", "textHash": "6b05395393b78dd8a705eab1105e9743f974688c0993e35f8d30e3f455d7a7a3" }, { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1HB5XMLmzFVj8ALj6mfBsbifRoD4miY36v", "sha256": "ce442c5c7ed855646fb13f1fbb9790f03cbb02d52052a1b4c807af09c59daf43", "textHash": "ce442c5c7ed855646fb13f1fbb9790f03cbb02d52052a1b4c807af09c59daf43" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The 4,000 BTC figure is the public address only; it understates total giving because WikiLeaks also let donors generate one-off addresses, and on-chain receipt totals include change returning to an address.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "The retrieved article explicitly limits its headline to the public donation address and says total receipts were higher. 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The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/satoshidice-betting-addresses-1dice/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2014/files/2014104pap.pdf", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "c81cee27150ccceca76b0123682413444519010a77cffd0a808528325d468197", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2014/files/2014104pap.pdf", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:11.587Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/pdf", "sha256": "0edf31a9ddea38d3cd1cf59867882fd2b9d3f407a0613e039638c70bb54b0b3d", "bytes": 889761 }, "textHash": "463ed353d423e3fb60aaca5873f9da099157ef8a7e163bbdcfa94bfd4080d9be", "textPath": "evidence/text/0edf31a9ddea38d3cd1cf59867882fd2b9d3f407a0613e039638c70bb54b0b3d.txt" }, { "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "314ed88842ad9b713b3c233a2e748f41ddb9837dcafda20c18acab7031428dff", "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:08.635Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/pdf", "sha256": "b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d", "bytes": 3560499 }, "textHash": "6b05395393b78dd8a705eab1105e9743f974688c0993e35f8d30e3f455d7a7a3", "textPath": "evidence/text/b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.698Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2014/files/2014104pap.pdf", "sha256": "0edf31a9ddea38d3cd1cf59867882fd2b9d3f407a0613e039638c70bb54b0b3d", "textHash": "463ed353d423e3fb60aaca5873f9da099157ef8a7e163bbdcfa94bfd4080d9be" }, { "url": "https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf", "sha256": "b76ba4d71be7879463609160fc0b2ad9a933804eb2b5e70c63981f23d18aa97d", "textHash": "6b05395393b78dd8a705eab1105e9743f974688c0993e35f8d30e3f455d7a7a3" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The figures vary by source, metric and window: the Fed paper says more than half within weeks and over 40% for most of its life; UCSD says about 60% of overall activity. 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The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/satoshidice-betting-addresses-1dice/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/07/18/bitcoin-company-acquisitions-begin-gambling-site-satoshidice-sells-for-115-million-126315-btc", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "2068387513aa2337696ac701025715783cd868867f4c88b88ff8f34a2214528e", "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/07/18/bitcoin-company-acquisitions-begin-gambling-site-satoshidice-sells-for-115-million-126315-btc", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:13.423Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "62efc55261c1a9276ad5a3f08123300def43d7797bf31120fe52dc5a9721b6a5", "bytes": 1723620 }, "textHash": "937868b2e09ecb3afb2de7541d9628b88b5d9315a5f3b51df4875433cb1ccbb7", "textPath": "evidence/text/62efc55261c1a9276ad5a3f08123300def43d7797bf31120fe52dc5a9721b6a5.txt" }, { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/satoshidice-sold-12-4-million", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "ab2ef8bfe4e7def42fcff3a52dd15e92e0998f38917224789246446e3c4b10d4", "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/satoshidice-sold-12-4-million", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:13.893Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "464106b83a710c28a7764fb4c1008e5772bfcd7ab6853ea6a5ab93aa628e3c36", "bytes": 523000 }, "textHash": "72164f473b45b3fa7785927ab4a2d19061dc65cf770e1f803a4a443f58a4d844", "textPath": "evidence/text/464106b83a710c28a7764fb4c1008e5772bfcd7ab6853ea6a5ab93aa628e3c36.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.707Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/07/18/bitcoin-company-acquisitions-begin-gambling-site-satoshidice-sells-for-115-million-126315-btc", "sha256": "62efc55261c1a9276ad5a3f08123300def43d7797bf31120fe52dc5a9721b6a5", "textHash": "937868b2e09ecb3afb2de7541d9628b88b5d9315a5f3b51df4875433cb1ccbb7" }, { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/satoshidice-sold-12-4-million", "sha256": "464106b83a710c28a7764fb4c1008e5772bfcd7ab6853ea6a5ab93aa628e3c36", "textHash": "72164f473b45b3fa7785927ab4a2d19061dc65cf770e1f803a4a443f58a4d844" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The 126,315 BTC sale price is agreed; only the dollar equivalent differs between the two reports, and the buyer has never been identified.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.707Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2013/07/18/bitcoin-company-acquisitions-begin-gambling-site-satoshidice-sells-for-115-million-126315-btc", "sha256": "62efc55261c1a9276ad5a3f08123300def43d7797bf31120fe52dc5a9721b6a5", "textHash": "937868b2e09ecb3afb2de7541d9628b88b5d9315a5f3b51df4875433cb1ccbb7" }, { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/markets/satoshidice-sold-12-4-million", "sha256": "464106b83a710c28a7764fb4c1008e5772bfcd7ab6853ea6a5ab93aa628e3c36", "textHash": "72164f473b45b3fa7785927ab4a2d19061dc65cf770e1f803a4a443f58a4d844" } ] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "937868b2e09ecb3afb2de7541d9628b88b5d9315a5f3b51df4875433cb1ccbb7", "offset": 3994 }, "publicationDateStatus": "publisher-metadata", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "whitepaper-output-count-945-946-947", "claim": "The whitepaper transaction has 945 (or 946, or 947) outputs.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The raw transaction has 948 outputs: 945 1-of-3 bare multisig, one 1-of-1, and two pay-to-pubkey-hash (a one-satoshi tip and change); 946 outputs carry data.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "contradicted", "assessmentExplanation": "The retrieved transaction has 948 outputs. Counting data-bearing outputs is a different measurement from counting all transaction outputs.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/bitcoin-whitepaper-embedded-on-chain-2013/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "614859036ce9d1dd722d9332e35018dbf524aa13ac1b30b3e6f8ff59669fcea0", "url": "https://mempool.space/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:14.262Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json", "sha256": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173", "bytes": 916887 }, "textHash": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173", "textPath": "evidence/text/17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173.txt" }, { "url": "https://blockstream.info/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713/outspends", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "bbeb5ae4cabacd0accb2a73c85a5eeeea8d959e33da282843c32962439cfa0d6", "url": "https://blockstream.info/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713/outspends", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:14.777Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json", "sha256": "239c9e96d1332d18ab2d691634e2b6873605ed6635586dcb611f469f21f7d68a", "bytes": 15404 }, "textHash": "239c9e96d1332d18ab2d691634e2b6873605ed6635586dcb611f469f21f7d68a", "textPath": "evidence/text/239c9e96d1332d18ab2d691634e2b6873605ed6635586dcb611f469f21f7d68a.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.714Z", "method": "Counted raw transaction output array; independent output-spend array supplied in the source register.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713", "sha256": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173", "textHash": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "output count", "actual": 948, "expected": 948 } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The raw transaction has 948 outputs: 945 1-of-3 bare multisig, one 1-of-1, and two pay-to-pubkey-hash (a one-satoshi tip and change); 946 outputs carry data.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "contradicted", "explanation": "The retrieved transaction has 948 outputs. Counting data-bearing outputs is a different measurement from counting all transaction outputs.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.714Z", "method": "Counted raw transaction output array; independent output-spend array supplied in the source register.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/tx/54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713", "sha256": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173", "textHash": "17ef08c16703a0007474a36ead899e17ef14d86d2938ddc1cba7acedda73c173" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "output count", "actual": 948, "expected": 948 } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [ "54e48e5f5c656b26c3bca14a8c95aa583d07ebe84dde3b7dd4a78f4e4186e713" ] }, { "id": "whitepaper-upload-tools-labelled-satoshi", "claim": "Satoshi Nakamoto embedded the whitepaper in the blockchain (the upload tools carried his name).", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "The uploader/downloader tools' own labels, as catalogued by Ken Shirriff", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "originalExcerpt": "While it says it was written by Satoshi", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Shirriff judged the Satoshi label probably false; the label is not evidence of involvement by the whitepaper's author, and the author of the transaction has never been identified.", "sourceVerdict": "misattributed", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "The retrieved technical investigation questions the uploader’s label. No authenticated author identity is established.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/bitcoin-whitepaper-embedded-on-chain-2013/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "f11c3638978a967a217ab251cad1c23136e4c7096052425866fed850ff7fdb0f", "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:15.177Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "d062ac0921bd9b4e3c6223cd2c160ae26e440e75f24bf5cffd5e2e64e5811c14", "bytes": 221141 }, "textHash": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41", "textPath": "evidence/text/d062ac0921bd9b4e3c6223cd2c160ae26e440e75f24bf5cffd5e2e64e5811c14.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.715Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "sha256": "d062ac0921bd9b4e3c6223cd2c160ae26e440e75f24bf5cffd5e2e64e5811c14", "textHash": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "textSha256": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41", "offset": 10665, "excerpt": "probably not true. And here's the code to" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Shirriff judged the Satoshi label probably false; the label is not evidence of involvement by the whitepaper's author, and the author of the transaction has never been identified.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "The retrieved technical investigation questions the uploader’s label. No authenticated author identity is established.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.715Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "sha256": "d062ac0921bd9b4e3c6223cd2c160ae26e440e75f24bf5cffd5e2e64e5811c14", "textHash": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.righto.com/2014/02/ascii-bernanke-wikileaks-photographs.html", "textSha256": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41", "offset": 10665, "excerpt": "probably not true. And here's the code to" } ] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "b1ab43a4584987f81a629cc32bce041632b3e740df62d220b8f38a09d56bea41", "offset": 10571 }, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "el-salvador-reserve-has-no-statutory-basis", "claim": "El Salvador's Bitcoin Law created the country's bitcoin reserve.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The 2021 law says nothing about the state accumulating bitcoin; the reserve is executive practice, not statute.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/el-salvador-national-bitcoin-office-onbtc-reserve/#story", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "cdcb8be157133dfebeaa6d3795aa0704d6476f71f8c31d4ade85093b246d9f10", "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:15.977Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "bytes": 69588 }, "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8", "textPath": "evidence/text/3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.717Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The 2021 law says nothing about the state accumulating bitcoin; the reserve is executive practice, not statute.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.717Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "el-salvador-bitcoin-law-vote-date", "claim": "El Salvador's Bitcoin Law was passed on 9 June 2021 (or 8 June 2021).", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Wikipedia (9 June); FREOPP full-text edition (8 June)", "publicationDate": "2021-06-09T06:56:40.000Z", "originalUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law", "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The session ran past midnight and sources split between 8 and 9 June 2021, so the site gives both.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/el-salvador-national-bitcoin-office-onbtc-reserve/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "d8ed9f929f53066bda64a7273cf93b816620361898d994acdbbeeff92cdfc877", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:16.287Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "c3470762064202c010cf282cd1bd7c1f8d7aa2e9b0027625595a9c2719bb66c5", "bytes": 229543 }, "textHash": "0545a20d1dd7c00bf57029d8fd30ab8ab906541ac1c8a9a3f354b4ea1f7f4392", "textPath": "evidence/text/c3470762064202c010cf282cd1bd7c1f8d7aa2e9b0027625595a9c2719bb66c5.txt" }, { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "cdcb8be157133dfebeaa6d3795aa0704d6476f71f8c31d4ade85093b246d9f10", "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:15.977Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "bytes": 69588 }, "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8", "textPath": "evidence/text/3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.717Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law", "sha256": "c3470762064202c010cf282cd1bd7c1f8d7aa2e9b0027625595a9c2719bb66c5", "textHash": "0545a20d1dd7c00bf57029d8fd30ab8ab906541ac1c8a9a3f354b4ea1f7f4392" }, { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The session ran past midnight and sources split between 8 and 9 June 2021, so the site gives both.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.717Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Law", "sha256": "c3470762064202c010cf282cd1bd7c1f8d7aa2e9b0027625595a9c2719bb66c5", "textHash": "0545a20d1dd7c00bf57029d8fd30ab8ab906541ac1c8a9a3f354b4ea1f7f4392" }, { "url": "https://freopp.org/whitepapers/el-salvadors-bitcoin-law-full-english-text/", "sha256": "3ebdb98a55b8f99d6a2263e27e0989ba1bfd3a56c27fd88d917fd939245db8cb", "textHash": "d7d27510082622cef07792d1ca67cc29216aa57a44f5a714f8c9cac0f19552d8" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "publisher-metadata", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "counterparty-burn-window-5000-blocks-3-february", "claim": "The Counterparty burn window ran for 5,000 blocks, ending on 3 February 2014.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Counterparty documentation", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://docs.counterparty.io/docs/basics/what-is-xcp/", "originalExcerpt": "5,000 Bitcoin blocks). During this period, anyone was", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The constants in config.py give blocks 278,310 to 283,810, which is 5,500 blocks, with the closing block mined on 2 February 2014 at 19:58:28 UTC.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "contradicted", "assessmentExplanation": "The client constants specify heights 278,310 and 283,810, a difference of 5,500. The count of included blocks additionally depends on boundary inclusion; a 5,000-block claim is inconsistent with these constants.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/counterparty-xcp-proof-of-burn-address/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://docs.counterparty.io/docs/basics/what-is-xcp/", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "b617e398033ffbd2278ca50863756ab9b33200a5762a1faa1bb9f61934555c75", "url": "https://docs.counterparty.io/docs/basics/what-is-xcp/", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:16.575Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "c94793f92404780dbdd6c3b2e0bd4d7ee728646abea4e0b4a7dcd87e6803dab2", "bytes": 18186 }, "textHash": "17dde28d688b5f3485bf19de29eb8d4a7c29d203c6328c57131d304776345d5f", "textPath": "evidence/text/c94793f92404780dbdd6c3b2e0bd4d7ee728646abea4e0b4a7dcd87e6803dab2.txt" }, { "url": "https://github.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/blob/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/config.py", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "a9eaa3702c18edbae378bd994ddf20a22414fb186ed1ee36724f61490d9bb329", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/config.py", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:16.882Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3", "bytes": 14119 }, "textHash": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3", "textPath": "evidence/text/9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3.txt" }, { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "e30fe221226b3b9cd3d8f88c5b701e2b151fcfe27d21a16dc650952660218a58", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:17.298Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "bytes": 368186 }, "textHash": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "textPath": "evidence/text/5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.720Z", "method": "Parsed mainnet constants independently of catalogue prose.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/blob/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/config.py", "sha256": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3", "textHash": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "height difference", "actual": 5500, "expected": 5500 } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The constants in config.py give blocks 278,310 to 283,810, which is 5,500 blocks, with the closing block mined on 2 February 2014 at 19:58:28 UTC.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "contradicted", "explanation": "The client constants specify heights 278,310 and 283,810, a difference of 5,500. The count of included blocks additionally depends on boundary inclusion; a 5,000-block claim is inconsistent with these constants.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.720Z", "method": "Parsed mainnet constants independently of catalogue prose.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/blob/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/config.py", "sha256": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3", "textHash": "9695d27ec21e43898d720b863988fc3eb553f9c79ce1793f7c2fe3b2b16352d3" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "height difference", "actual": 5500, "expected": 5500 } ] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "17dde28d688b5f3485bf19de29eb8d4a7c29d203c6328c57131d304776345d5f", "offset": 1297 }, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "counterparty-2140-btc-burned", "claim": "Counterparty's proof-of-burn destroyed approximately 2,140 BTC.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "publicationDate": "2014-04-28T17:45:13.000Z", "originalUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterparty_(platform)", "originalExcerpt": "sending about 2140 BTC, worth between US $1.6", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The canonical ledger shipped in the client records 2,125.63000728 BTC destroyed inside the valid window; larger counts include coins that arrived at the address outside the window and bought nothing.", "sourceVerdict": "overstated", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "The client’s bundled burn ledger sums to 2125.63000728 BTC in its burned column. This ledger total is distinct from every payment ever made to the burn address.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/counterparty-xcp-proof-of-burn-address/#caveats-title", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterparty_(platform)", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "92a7da32f72a1e5666fe2af1656d8e2b6b56bb0c5d0c0afba57fcb41eb52f8e6", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterparty_(platform)", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:17.409Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "f48dd2a6086aa2db50b59ec179a14e0d02d9ee8a5bd5354cf3b9118ef3c3140d", "bytes": 145349 }, "textHash": "9a80e4ed918edfa4824abd966c6aa11ea08537cef34c3bbb6b0c96da756fbf1f", "textPath": "evidence/text/f48dd2a6086aa2db50b59ec179a14e0d02d9ee8a5bd5354cf3b9118ef3c3140d.txt" }, { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "e30fe221226b3b9cd3d8f88c5b701e2b151fcfe27d21a16dc650952660218a58", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:17.298Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "bytes": 368186 }, "textHash": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "textPath": "evidence/text/5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057.txt" }, { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/1CounterpartyXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUWLpVr", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "64755b0009eb4436ce213f029768f334c455f266f889d28aae2dc60ba89d8143", "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/1CounterpartyXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUWLpVr", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:17.547Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json", "sha256": "37c0529710bb1bd339b2cf5a6999238d5b2affd1ace0f21554c06832fc9dbcaa", "bytes": 281 }, "textHash": "37c0529710bb1bd339b2cf5a6999238d5b2affd1ace0f21554c06832fc9dbcaa", "textPath": "evidence/text/37c0529710bb1bd339b2cf5a6999238d5b2affd1ace0f21554c06832fc9dbcaa.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.723Z", "method": "Exact integer sum of the canonical CSV burned column, without floating-point BTC arithmetic.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "sha256": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "textHash": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "burned satoshis", "actual": "212563000728", "expected": "212563000728" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The canonical ledger shipped in the client records 2,125.63000728 BTC destroyed inside the valid window; larger counts include coins that arrived at the address outside the window and bought nothing.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "overstated", "explanation": "The client’s bundled burn ledger sums to 2125.63000728 BTC in its burned column. This ledger total is distinct from every payment ever made to the burn address.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.723Z", "method": "Exact integer sum of the canonical CSV burned column, without floating-point BTC arithmetic.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CounterpartyXCP/counterparty-core/master/counterparty-core/counterpartycore/lib/messages/data/mainnet_burns.csv", "sha256": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057", "textHash": "5358241e5074a25c62b57f6d38ae93cb502d53ba926f8719ded9a2672d4e9057" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "burned satoshis", "actual": "212563000728", "expected": "212563000728" } ] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "9a80e4ed918edfa4824abd966c6aa11ea08537cef34c3bbb6b0c96da756fbf1f", "offset": 2730 }, "publicationDateStatus": "publisher-metadata", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "finney-10-btc-did-not-stay-put", "claim": "Hal Finney's 10 BTC from the first transaction have never moved.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The address shows total_received 1004401259 sats and total_sent 1004328551 sats across 53 transactions, so nearly everything received has been spent.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/hal-finney-first-bitcoin-transaction/#evidence", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1Q2TWHE3GMdB6BZKafqwxXtWAWgFt5Jvm3", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "f3fb779024c5bb61ab1dc10b7334706d2b01cc7a80652a25d46fc518486859d3", "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1Q2TWHE3GMdB6BZKafqwxXtWAWgFt5Jvm3", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:18.075Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614", "bytes": 201869 }, "textHash": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614", "textPath": "evidence/text/cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.724Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1Q2TWHE3GMdB6BZKafqwxXtWAWgFt5Jvm3", "sha256": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614", "textHash": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The address shows total_received 1004401259 sats and total_sent 1004328551 sats across 53 transactions, so nearly everything received has been spent.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.724Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/1Q2TWHE3GMdB6BZKafqwxXtWAWgFt5Jvm3", "sha256": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614", "textHash": "cd5cc5c2998adbbec998fc18b936513bf29091329ae955c3ae8d693a650eb614" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "block-9-coinbase-address-is-not-finneys", "claim": "The address 12cbQLTFMXRnSzktFkuoG3eHoMeFtpTu3S is Hal Finney's.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "That address is the block 9 coinbase, the sender's side of the transaction; it belongs to the early-mining set and should not be labelled as Finney's.", "sourceVerdict": "misattributed", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/hal-finney-first-bitcoin-transaction/#evidence", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/0437cd7f8525ceed2324359c2d0ba26006d92d856a9c20fa0241106ee5a597c9", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "6ccf9c06b0fc2ee1f9f376d580e68de9aaab06c3211bfe82fed42e22ae55a14f", "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/0437cd7f8525ceed2324359c2d0ba26006d92d856a9c20fa0241106ee5a597c9", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:18.268Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8", "bytes": 836 }, "textHash": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8", "textPath": "evidence/text/13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8.txt" }, { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "3b41bb9b6455df4da9da9c17ae05c767ae80c84eb3380ec009042b5e80e5b9e9", "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:18.617Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b", "bytes": 1487 }, "textHash": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b", "textPath": "evidence/text/82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.724Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/0437cd7f8525ceed2324359c2d0ba26006d92d856a9c20fa0241106ee5a597c9", "sha256": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8", "textHash": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8" }, { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "sha256": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b", "textHash": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "That address is the block 9 coinbase, the sender's side of the transaction; it belongs to the early-mining set and should not be labelled as Finney's.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.724Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/0437cd7f8525ceed2324359c2d0ba26006d92d856a9c20fa0241106ee5a597c9", "sha256": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8", "textHash": "13cb6a0b36de2bdfe3c319298387dd597ea2fe739d274ff6b6d5774cd4d567b8" }, { "url": "https://blockchain.info/rawtx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "sha256": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b", "textHash": "82ccafd375beefa01b8d0de0c06d5ebbb93c83e6ca5fd324a57e4cf788d3eb7b" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [ "0437cd7f8525ceed2324359c2d0ba26006d92d856a9c20fa0241106ee5a597c9", "f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16" ] }, { "id": "merkle-science-433468-btc-typo", "claim": "433,468 BTC of Bitfinex hack proceeds moved in April 2021.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Merkle Science blog", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://www.merklescience.com/blog/hack-track-bitfinex-hack-2016-recent-fund-movement-analysis", "originalExcerpt": "receiving the entire value of its funds (433,468", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The on-chain figure is 433.4689 BTC; the source misprinted the decimal. The companion figure of 259.74 BTC matches exactly.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "contradicted", "assessmentExplanation": "The retrieved address index records total confirmed receipts of 433.46890676 BTC. The quoted 433,468 BTC magnitude is not supported by this address’s receipt total.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/bitfinex-hack-residual-movement-2021/#evidence", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.merklescience.com/blog/hack-track-bitfinex-hack-2016-recent-fund-movement-analysis", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "8e800c8a3ed25ed82b7064b4002995481d669ee738b84ac035cc17ba1bab7558", "url": "https://www.merklescience.com/blog/hack-track-bitfinex-hack-2016-recent-fund-movement-analysis", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:18.946Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "d1fd92198c6d7988ab0e3d246b1aae9f5ec7806b222e150a70bbd2cac7d6122b", "bytes": 61960 }, "textHash": "b4e4fefb59363a08be76cd7826093282433726cf0ac02f9db897f8b5383d7f4a", "textPath": "evidence/text/d1fd92198c6d7988ab0e3d246b1aae9f5ec7806b222e150a70bbd2cac7d6122b.txt" }, { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/13jE999Hssm2GFf6Yob7zGCJtf1xnPPjHd", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "14a29657ec88741da15a54c11560e80145aa68f9b56518b4a472b12fc1455f59", "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/13jE999Hssm2GFf6Yob7zGCJtf1xnPPjHd", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:19.119Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json", "sha256": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e", "bytes": 287 }, "textHash": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e", "textPath": "evidence/text/cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e.txt" }, { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/1J2Tem6ZSHnpppVhBpSq5pAZYmfjENqoD3", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "3b5169e8f6ef6f7b77a8dce406bd9c465df1657aea208c4c8569591930e9f9e1", "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/1J2Tem6ZSHnpppVhBpSq5pAZYmfjENqoD3", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:19.382Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json", "sha256": "939ddbcc82dbeab91e468cb5bc7f9640c279b08e056dcae712b96c949dc118b6", "bytes": 284 }, "textHash": "939ddbcc82dbeab91e468cb5bc7f9640c279b08e056dcae712b96c949dc118b6", "textPath": "evidence/text/939ddbcc82dbeab91e468cb5bc7f9640c279b08e056dcae712b96c949dc118b6.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.725Z", "method": "Converted provider integer-satoshi receipt total to BTC without rounding.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/13jE999Hssm2GFf6Yob7zGCJtf1xnPPjHd", "sha256": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e", "textHash": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e" } ], "assertions": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The on-chain figure is 433.4689 BTC; the source misprinted the decimal. The companion figure of 259.74 BTC matches exactly.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "contradicted", "explanation": "The retrieved address index records total confirmed receipts of 433.46890676 BTC. The quoted 433,468 BTC magnitude is not supported by this address’s receipt total.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.725Z", "method": "Converted provider integer-satoshi receipt total to BTC without rounding.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://mempool.space/api/address/13jE999Hssm2GFf6Yob7zGCJtf1xnPPjHd", "sha256": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e", "textHash": "cb4fda14962e0342af443f39a15f2e2a0388dc9db9e66c94263ab188506e471e" } ], "assertions": [] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "b4e4fefb59363a08be76cd7826093282433726cf0ac02f9db897f8b5383d7f4a", "offset": 6413 }, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "whale-july-2025-move-was-security-upgrade", "claim": "The 4 July 2025 movement of the eight 2011 wallets was a wallet security upgrade, not a sale.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Arkham Intelligence, as reported by The Block", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://www.theblock.co/post/361269/bitcoin-whale-movement-arkham", "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Later transfers went onward to trading desks and Galaxy Digital, which on 25 July 2025 announced it had sold more than 80,000 BTC for the client; the initial reading was overtaken.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Galaxy’s 25 July 2025 announcement reports a sale exceeding 80,000 BTC for a Satoshi-era investor. That supplies off-chain sale evidence; movement alone would not establish a sale or independently prove the full address mapping.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/wallet/2011-eight-wallet-whale-awakened-july-2025/#evidence", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/361269/bitcoin-whale-movement-arkham", "error": "HTTP 403: https://www.theblock.co/post/361269/bitcoin-whale-movement-arkham" }, { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/07/18/satoshi-era-bitcoin-whale-moves-final-48b-to-galaxy-digital-likely-prepping-sale", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "3e1cd4f775cd72a1b8b1daf3466071c929feb5a92f07e6fa8d80d7561098a267", "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/07/18/satoshi-era-bitcoin-whale-moves-final-48b-to-galaxy-digital-likely-prepping-sale", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:20.778Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "fe2d392ea0e43e32def2171c0a29844c4dadf65fe676bb82fce34303fecf09c9", "bytes": 1750998 }, "textHash": "cf4ffd039a35723d44d83b4126026e4946d489c402b70cac0f2ff4ea4c1bc42c", "textPath": "evidence/text/fe2d392ea0e43e32def2171c0a29844c4dadf65fe676bb82fce34303fecf09c9.txt" }, { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "19d51c669ad9a5da85ec6f6ea63f930cf541c4a81050c4d030ed0c7a757eaa2f", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:21.226Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "bytes": 208483 }, "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b", "textPath": "evidence/text/4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.727Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "textSha256": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b", "offset": 8692, "excerpt": "Galaxy completed the sale of more than 80,000" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Later transfers went onward to trading desks and Galaxy Digital, which on 25 July 2025 announced it had sold more than 80,000 BTC for the client; the initial reading was overtaken.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Galaxy’s 25 July 2025 announcement reports a sale exceeding 80,000 BTC for a Satoshi-era investor. That supplies off-chain sale evidence; movement alone would not establish a sale or independently prove the full address mapping.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.727Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "textSha256": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b", "offset": 8692, "excerpt": "Galaxy completed the sale of more than 80,000" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "block-170-first-bitcoin-transaction-qualified", "claim": "Block 170 contains the first Bitcoin transaction.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Block 170 is the first widely recognized person-to-person transfer; the genesis and mining (coinbase) transactions predate it.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/origins-of-bitcoin/", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockstream.info/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "5caf1f6cc1401f1edf5610456927eaf034b07271b3caf2c2c44bd49266ac8dcc", "url": "https://blockstream.info/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:21.959Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "b19f5ae8a84cf57e2bb132c390b5531810db5b49f747399d6295ef650fcba458", "bytes": 1854 }, "textHash": "2415106a2c221d4a8a65fa48ab779c4009f4113ae59950de633d19cef00fa0fe", "textPath": "evidence/text/b19f5ae8a84cf57e2bb132c390b5531810db5b49f747399d6295ef650fcba458.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.727Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockstream.info/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "sha256": "b19f5ae8a84cf57e2bb132c390b5531810db5b49f747399d6295ef650fcba458", "textHash": "2415106a2c221d4a8a65fa48ab779c4009f4113ae59950de633d19cef00fa0fe" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Block 170 is the first widely recognized person-to-person transfer; the genesis and mining (coinbase) transactions predate it.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.727Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://blockstream.info/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16", "sha256": "b19f5ae8a84cf57e2bb132c390b5531810db5b49f747399d6295ef650fcba458", "textHash": "2415106a2c221d4a8a65fa48ab779c4009f4113ae59950de633d19cef00fa0fe" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [ "f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16" ] }, { "id": "supply-cap-is-exactly-21-million", "claim": "Bitcoin's maximum supply is 21 million BTC.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Under Bitcoin Core's integer subsidy function the maximum sum of permitted subsidies is 20,999,999.9769 BTC; \"21 million\" is a rounded conventional label, and issued and spendable supply are lower still.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "Summing the permitted integer block subsidies gives 20999999.97690000 BTC. The customary 21 million figure is rounded; this calculation does not measure spendable or recoverable coins.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/bitcoin-halvings-and-supply/#exact-cap", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp#L1844-L1855", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "620eb878013183d4a363555198b02b4d56ec6cec0593e7a4e39cce2f3098a381", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:22.273Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "bytes": 313710 }, "textHash": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "textPath": "evidence/text/f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b.txt" }, { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/test/validation_tests.cpp#L49-L67", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "4ea256d5bff016d23f6d1a0c6f61cc16bd93814129b9329566c3eff97009599b", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/test/validation_tests.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:22.462Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "174ebba0af246a7b5e3d7769be4a504f00f6d5b47a80935b57d4a8a58b648dbf", "bytes": 15684 }, "textHash": "174ebba0af246a7b5e3d7769be4a504f00f6d5b47a80935b57d4a8a58b648dbf", "textPath": "evidence/text/174ebba0af246a7b5e3d7769be4a504f00f6d5b47a80935b57d4a8a58b648dbf.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.730Z", "method": "Recomputed every subsidy era using BigInt right shifts and 210,000-block eras.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp#L1844-L1855", "sha256": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "textHash": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "maximum subsidy satoshis", "actual": "2099999997690000", "expected": "2099999997690000" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Under Bitcoin Core's integer subsidy function the maximum sum of permitted subsidies is 20,999,999.9769 BTC; \"21 million\" is a rounded conventional label, and issued and spendable supply are lower still.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "overstated", "explanation": "Summing the permitted integer block subsidies gives 20999999.97690000 BTC. The customary 21 million figure is rounded; this calculation does not measure spendable or recoverable coins.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.730Z", "method": "Recomputed every subsidy era using BigInt right shifts and 210,000-block eras.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp#L1844-L1855", "sha256": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "textHash": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b" } ], "assertions": [ { "name": "maximum subsidy satoshis", "actual": "2099999997690000", "expected": "2099999997690000" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "halving-every-four-years", "claim": "A Bitcoin halving happens every four years.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The rule is based on block height (every 210,000 blocks), not a calendar date; four years is an approximation from the ten-minute target and actual dates depend on block production.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "The mainnet rule specifies a 210,000-block interval. Four years is an approximate elapsed time, not a calendar trigger.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/bitcoin-halvings-and-supply/", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp#L1844-L1855", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "620eb878013183d4a363555198b02b4d56ec6cec0593e7a4e39cce2f3098a381", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/validation.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:22.273Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "bytes": 313710 }, "textHash": "f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b", "textPath": "evidence/text/f96522f7528393e09462faa1ac2e5c89f4f2a149ec554ff978a331a8edec852b.txt" }, { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "ab23fc52b9b198c8e90d8cc4c0a7435d7facab87901b980e5b25ae97c4c8521e", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:02.145Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "bytes": 35931 }, "textHash": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "textPath": "evidence/text/cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.734Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "sha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "textHash": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "textSha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "offset": 4262, "excerpt": "nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000; consensus.script_flag_exceptions.emplace( // BIP16 exception uint256{\"00000000000002dc756eebf4f49723ed8d30cc28a5f108eb94b1ba88ac4f9c22\"}," } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The rule is based on block height (every 210,000 blocks), not a calendar date; four years is an approximation from the ten-minute target and actual dates depend on block production.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "overstated", "explanation": "The mainnet rule specifies a 210,000-block interval. Four years is an approximate elapsed time, not a calendar trigger.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.734Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "sha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "textHash": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "textSha256": "cfadf1478377c32625280520655b598674e6d487f08d7f7a80ac69252104b5e1", "offset": 4262, "excerpt": "nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000; consensus.script_flag_exceptions.emplace( // BIP16 exception uint256{\"00000000000002dc756eebf4f49723ed8d30cc28a5f108eb94b1ba88ac4f9c22\"}," } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "bitcoin-cash-raised-bitcoins-block-limit", "claim": "Bitcoin Cash increased Bitcoin's block size limit.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Bitcoin Cash began a separate chain under incompatible rules on 1 August 2017; nodes enforcing Bitcoin's rules did not treat its larger blocks as valid Bitcoin blocks.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/bitcoin-block-size-war/", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1588489/000119312519326175/d845671dex991.htm", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "fe324af7173fc71e1f1d845c53c6f054fc1602ceefddfd8a3ac9da6185107f60", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1588489/000119312519326175/d845671dex991.htm", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:23.071Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "f795243108603f818e84280123e295ff1f8fe3d8108e0fdd39fc45e6c8ca6b6a", "bytes": 1247066 }, "textHash": "37eb83639148b0a9b5943e57ea74c736f5a42d48ad450c6ad21fa6db98446ee4", "textPath": "evidence/text/f795243108603f818e84280123e295ff1f8fe3d8108e0fdd39fc45e6c8ca6b6a.txt" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2017-07-12-potential-split", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "8f2f83cc6ce46f1ef272e02ce0573714a6177dfd1c0d944f683d62ab6f35c265", "url": "https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2017-07-12-potential-split", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:23.511Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "8d7dad8100ac16ea54f2888d4d6304b288829c8e5632ea9cbc3af8d973e26f17", "bytes": 34200 }, "textHash": "bd8d50e4e68c6289d023b65874771c6c13b8fee513d8debbf9c8d8f03886243c", "textPath": "evidence/text/8d7dad8100ac16ea54f2888d4d6304b288829c8e5632ea9cbc3af8d973e26f17.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.734Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1588489/000119312519326175/d845671dex991.htm", "sha256": "f795243108603f818e84280123e295ff1f8fe3d8108e0fdd39fc45e6c8ca6b6a", "textHash": "37eb83639148b0a9b5943e57ea74c736f5a42d48ad450c6ad21fa6db98446ee4" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2017-07-12-potential-split", "sha256": "8d7dad8100ac16ea54f2888d4d6304b288829c8e5632ea9cbc3af8d973e26f17", "textHash": "bd8d50e4e68c6289d023b65874771c6c13b8fee513d8debbf9c8d8f03886243c" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Bitcoin Cash began a separate chain under incompatible rules on 1 August 2017; nodes enforcing Bitcoin's rules did not treat its larger blocks as valid Bitcoin blocks.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "explanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. The previous editorial interpretation is retained in the audit data, not promoted as a new verified finding.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.734Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "method": "Evidence availability and provenance inspected; factual resolution withheld.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1588489/000119312519326175/d845671dex991.htm", "sha256": "f795243108603f818e84280123e295ff1f8fe3d8108e0fdd39fc45e6c8ca6b6a", "textHash": "37eb83639148b0a9b5943e57ea74c736f5a42d48ad450c6ad21fa6db98446ee4" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2017-07-12-potential-split", "sha256": "8d7dad8100ac16ea54f2888d4d6304b288829c8e5632ea9cbc3af8d973e26f17", "textHash": "bd8d50e4e68c6289d023b65874771c6c13b8fee513d8debbf9c8d8f03886243c" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "mt-gox-lost-850000-btc", "claim": "Mt. Gox lost 850,000 BTC.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "Mt. Gox's own 28 February 2014 announcement", "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140228-announcement_eng.pdf", "originalExcerpt": "approximately 750,000 bitcoins deposited by users and approximately", "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "The 850,000 figure was a provisional company estimate; after 199,999.99 BTC was found in an old-format wallet, Mt. Gox revised the estimated disappearance to about 650,000 BTC and reported roughly 202,000 BTC held.", "sourceVerdict": "overstated", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "Mt. Gox’s subsequent company announcement reported finding 199,999.99 BTC. The earlier 850,000 figure must retain its date and provisional scope.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/mt-gox-collapse/", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140228-announcement_eng.pdf", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "2daba76bf77806315671273ebc4dff7a1a633362741587d74ec5e5fdb9c2d4f7", "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140228-announcement_eng.pdf", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:26.037Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/pdf", "sha256": "f8969b1dab5065b35e6c0eaaad60f11709715e010c33b8b8a2e896676a679b8c", "bytes": 56809 }, "textHash": "acd5c0e363ff1cad2266c79490592279a94b6706393e635dd290ef1d7bde313d", "textPath": "evidence/text/f8969b1dab5065b35e6c0eaaad60f11709715e010c33b8b8a2e896676a679b8c.txt" }, { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "ec1c480986f2c388d9dba5a9a65b70f49571c6c9279808f6eacd5d7957332b2f", "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:29.079Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/pdf", "sha256": "6bbe85a4dc64480fabc6ace625b88b30d36a3533d2363fb4cbddd1063ee4f9af", "bytes": 196777 }, "textHash": "ed210570cd5cd261f2a22e70f7e652cbdb8d53c5857464f3135da78ea6fae7e2", "textPath": "evidence/text/6bbe85a4dc64480fabc6ace625b88b30d36a3533d2363fb4cbddd1063ee4f9af.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.735Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "sha256": "6bbe85a4dc64480fabc6ace625b88b30d36a3533d2363fb4cbddd1063ee4f9af", "textHash": "ed210570cd5cd261f2a22e70f7e652cbdb8d53c5857464f3135da78ea6fae7e2" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "textSha256": "ed210570cd5cd261f2a22e70f7e652cbdb8d53c5857464f3135da78ea6fae7e2", "offset": 1675, "excerpt": "199,999.99 BTC). MtGox Co., Ltd. investigated the presence" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "The 850,000 figure was a provisional company estimate; after 199,999.99 BTC was found in an old-format wallet, Mt. Gox revised the estimated disappearance to about 650,000 BTC and reported roughly 202,000 BTC held.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "overstated", "explanation": "Mt. Gox’s subsequent company announcement reported finding 199,999.99 BTC. The earlier 850,000 figure must retain its date and provisional scope.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.735Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "sha256": "6bbe85a4dc64480fabc6ace625b88b30d36a3533d2363fb4cbddd1063ee4f9af", "textHash": "ed210570cd5cd261f2a22e70f7e652cbdb8d53c5857464f3135da78ea6fae7e2" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf", "textSha256": "ed210570cd5cd261f2a22e70f7e652cbdb8d53c5857464f3135da78ea6fae7e2", "offset": 1675, "excerpt": "199,999.99 BTC). MtGox Co., Ltd. investigated the presence" } ] } } ], "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "acd5c0e363ff1cad2266c79490592279a94b6706393e635dd290ef1d7bde313d", "offset": 2068 }, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "strategy-has-never-sold-bitcoin", "claim": "MicroStrategy/Strategy has never sold any bitcoin.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "An SEC-filed 8-K reports that MacroStrategy sold 704 BTC on 22 December 2022 for approximately $11.8 million and bought 810 BTC two days later.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "contradicted", "assessmentExplanation": "The company’s SEC-filed report explicitly records a sale of approximately 704 BTC on 22 December 2022.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/strategy-microstrategy-bitcoin-treasury/#annual-holdings-ledger", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "16f058106fa93dc987dc6ccbf3a684752abdf2a0679d99c2d903e8821de16bba", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:29.313Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "23a70c7879a3a62f594934d50c97c68da0d74e1d21a0c08094ad391b42f01e84", "bytes": 27238 }, "textHash": "fed1a0f9a1fa73941ccdf962ec0de7100126042eca8ea40ac4c3e3806e0d47d6", "textPath": "evidence/text/23a70c7879a3a62f594934d50c97c68da0d74e1d21a0c08094ad391b42f01e84.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.736Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "sha256": "23a70c7879a3a62f594934d50c97c68da0d74e1d21a0c08094ad391b42f01e84", "textHash": "fed1a0f9a1fa73941ccdf962ec0de7100126042eca8ea40ac4c3e3806e0d47d6" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "textSha256": "fed1a0f9a1fa73941ccdf962ec0de7100126042eca8ea40ac4c3e3806e0d47d6", "offset": 2583, "excerpt": "sold approximately 704 bitcoins for cash proceeds of" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "An SEC-filed 8-K reports that MacroStrategy sold 704 BTC on 22 December 2022 for approximately $11.8 million and bought 810 BTC two days later.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "contradicted", "explanation": "The company’s SEC-filed report explicitly records a sale of approximately 704 BTC on 22 December 2022.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.736Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "sha256": "23a70c7879a3a62f594934d50c97c68da0d74e1d21a0c08094ad391b42f01e84", "textHash": "fed1a0f9a1fa73941ccdf962ec0de7100126042eca8ea40ac4c3e3806e0d47d6" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522313098/d398241d8k.htm", "textSha256": "fed1a0f9a1fa73941ccdf962ec0de7100126042eca8ea40ac4c3e3806e0d47d6", "offset": 2583, "excerpt": "sold approximately 704 bitcoins for cash proceeds of" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "exchange-traded-bitcoin-exposure-began-2024", "claim": "Exchange-traded Bitcoin exposure (the first Bitcoin ETF) began in January 2024.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "GBTC registered its shares in 2019, the futures-based BITO began trading in October 2021, and Canadian and European products predate the U.S. spot cohort; 2024 introduced U.S. national-exchange-listed spot trust shares.", "sourceVerdict": "incorrect", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "Unresolved in this edition: the retrieved sources do not yet establish a sufficiently narrow, independently checked assessment. 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An address balance is an indexer or wallet aggregation, not an account-balance field in the transaction format.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.739Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/primitives/transaction.h", "sha256": "13b1eee877a7c42452f809fb665f1ea33fd7c329f05bb0c1692f92b4c39d906c", "textHash": "13b1eee877a7c42452f809fb665f1ea33fd7c329f05bb0c1692f92b4c39d906c" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/primitives/transaction.h", "textSha256": "13b1eee877a7c42452f809fb665f1ea33fd7c329f05bb0c1692f92b4c39d906c", "offset": 4295, "excerpt": "class CTxOut { public: CAmount nValue; CScript scriptPubKey;" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "blocks-every-ten-minutes", "claim": "A Bitcoin block is produced every ten minutes.", "attribution": "recurring-misconception", "publisher": null, "publicationDate": null, "originalUrl": null, "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Bitcoin", "sourceAssessment": "Ten minutes is an average design target maintained by retargeting every 2,016 blocks, not a schedule for the next block.", "sourceVerdict": "imprecise", "assessment": "overstated", "assessmentExplanation": "Bitcoin’s ten-minute spacing is a design target. The code’s difficulty adjustment does not schedule the next block at an exact ten-minute interval.", "sourcePage": "https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/how-bitcoin-blockchain-works/#header-proof-of-work-and-difficulty", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/pow.cpp", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "27da0e8da296deec2e97f90041fd81c972bdc1ea69aa2624623a7caa6476d9bb", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/pow.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:56.870Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "cad89cf4d7b99f3f6d3e93393febe523133320a5f4e92a61c8179bb5ac526a8a", "bytes": 6549 }, "textHash": "cad89cf4d7b99f3f6d3e93393febe523133320a5f4e92a61c8179bb5ac526a8a", "textPath": "evidence/text/cad89cf4d7b99f3f6d3e93393febe523133320a5f4e92a61c8179bb5ac526a8a.txt" }, { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "09886d3232a08da5de32b0744412533ebde4545c2b90ed0bb6d10e5824942172", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:57.191Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "bytes": 34649 }, "textHash": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "textPath": "evidence/text/f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.741Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "sha256": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "textHash": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "textSha256": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "offset": 5430, "excerpt": "nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60; consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = false;" } ] }, "history": [ { "edition": "imported-correction-ledger", "assessment": "Ten minutes is an average design target maintained by retargeting every 2,016 blocks, not a schedule for the next block.", "status": "preserved prior interpretation; not new verification" }, { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "overstated", "explanation": "Bitcoin’s ten-minute spacing is a design target. The code’s difficulty adjustment does not schedule the next block at an exact ten-minute interval.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.741Z", "method": "Automated author inspected the primary-source passage, separately from source collection; matching text and content hash are enforced on rebuild.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "sha256": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "textHash": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e" } ], "assertions": [], "passages": [ { "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/128456b62d5e38abea031f97f823d5b28aef9357/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp", "textSha256": "f50c52551ed26e077c058bacd7ed337729ab467e1ba6e98f945bc7815f30ce3e", "offset": 5430, "excerpt": "nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60; consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = false;" } ] } } ], "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "doj-bitfinex-seizure-announcement-2022", "claim": "On 8 February 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice announced recovering more than 94,000 bitcoin associated with the Bitfinex investigation.", "attribution": "registered-attribution-unverified", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Justice", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "originalUrl": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/two-arrested-alleged-conspiracy-launder-45-billion-stolen-cryptocurrency", "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Government custody", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "The primary announcement could not be verified in this run. A returned challenge page is not source evidence. Custody, forfeiture and disposal remain separate claims.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/two-arrested-alleged-conspiracy-launder-45-billion-stolen-cryptocurrency", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "e88ee46a624b454f7592178c5947baa53eb2d02b0644ec82f71ae7276c86d14b", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/two-arrested-alleged-conspiracy-launder-45-billion-stolen-cryptocurrency", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:12:14.945Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "8eeaab5197da637425c3f6e76b3c73a9dd1046f906c4140ad01804ede2bb7fcb", "bytes": 2520 }, "error": "Expected primary statement absent" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.742Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "method": "Inspected retrieval and expected primary passage; no factual verdict issued.", "evidence": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "reason": "Expected primary statement absent" } ], "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "doj-silk-road-forfeiture-announcement-2020", "claim": "On 5 November 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice announced a civil forfeiture action involving approximately 69,370 bitcoin linked to Silk Road.", "attribution": "registered-attribution-unverified", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Justice", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "originalUrl": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/united-states-files-civil-action-forfeit-cryptocurrency-valued-over-one-billion-us", "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Government custody", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "The primary announcement could not be verified in this run. A returned challenge page is not source evidence. Custody, forfeiture and disposal remain separate claims.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/united-states-files-civil-action-forfeit-cryptocurrency-valued-over-one-billion-us", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "806a11c45d9acad600d95b34691aa8727be99405774907589fb138f1b585e8e0", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/united-states-files-civil-action-forfeit-cryptocurrency-valued-over-one-billion-us", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:12:16.161Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html", "sha256": "539ba4e92ed033b0aafd9fbf156ed1c45650eb47a5ab1c1f0090d09c5c452f16", "bytes": 2542 }, "error": "Expected primary statement absent" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.745Z", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "method": "Inspected retrieval and expected primary passage; no factual verdict issued.", "evidence": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved", "reason": "Expected primary statement absent" } ], "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "doj-ulbricht-seizure-announcement-2013", "claim": "In October 2013, the U.S. Attorney’s Office announced recovering a wallet containing approximately 144,336 bitcoin in the Ulbricht investigation.", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Justice", "publicationDate": "2013-10-25", "publicationDateStatus": "source-page-date", "originalUrl": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/SilkRoadSeizurePR.php", "originalExcerpt": "144,336 Bitcoins found on computer hardware belonging to", "subject": "Government custody", "assessment": "supported", "assessmentExplanation": "The dated agency announcement supports this description of its reported action. Seizure, forfeiture and sale are different events; this record does not establish a sale.", "sourcePage": null, "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/SilkRoadSeizurePR.php", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "80195a5881b91b3a649124d7c56c19c65a650f954f3b39bed51a80d6eaed166f", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/SilkRoadSeizurePR.php", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:12:16.329Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "f60256f434b9a0f7e67645daa1ca316521940758f65ac886f32f103351635fc2", "bytes": 26696 }, "textHash": "5e0c38476dd5ed2c07e405ec3980820ff50fb45c23e477407042caae7d1dddea", "textPath": "evidence/text/f60256f434b9a0f7e67645daa1ca316521940758f65ac886f32f103351635fc2.txt" } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.746Z", "method": "Read the dated primary agency announcement; matched the reported amount and action.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/SilkRoadSeizurePR.php", "sha256": "f60256f434b9a0f7e67645daa1ca316521940758f65ac886f32f103351635fc2", "textHash": "5e0c38476dd5ed2c07e405ec3980820ff50fb45c23e477407042caae7d1dddea" } ], "assertions": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "supported", "explanation": "The dated agency announcement supports this description of its reported action. Seizure, forfeiture and sale are different events; this record does not establish a sale.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.746Z", "method": "Read the dated primary agency announcement; matched the reported amount and action.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October13/SilkRoadSeizurePR.php", "sha256": "f60256f434b9a0f7e67645daa1ca316521940758f65ac886f32f103351635fc2", "textHash": "5e0c38476dd5ed2c07e405ec3980820ff50fb45c23e477407042caae7d1dddea" } ], "assertions": [] } } ], "citedTransactions": [] }, { "id": "galaxy-announced-80000-bitcoin-sale-2025", "claim": "Galaxy announced completing a sale of more than 80,000 bitcoin for a Satoshi-era investor in July 2025.", "publisher": "Galaxy Digital", "attribution": "attributed-paraphrase", "publicationDate": "2025-07-25", "publicationDateStatus": "dated first-party press release", "originalUrl": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "originalExcerpt": "Galaxy completed the sale of more than 80,000", "originalPassage": { "textSha256": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b", "offset": 8692 }, "subject": "Dormancy and disposal", "citedTransactions": [], "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "19d51c669ad9a5da85ec6f6ea63f930cf541c4a81050c4d030ed0c7a757eaa2f", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:09:21.226Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "text/html; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "bytes": 208483 }, "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b", "textPath": "evidence/text/4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb.txt" } ], "assessment": "supported", "assessmentExplanation": "The first-party release supports what Galaxy announced. The release does not list transactions, so this record does not independently match the sale to individual cohort outputs.", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.746Z", "method": "Read the dated first-party announcement, separately from the blockchain extraction.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b" } ], "assertions": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "supported", "verification": { "status": "reviewed", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "externalExpertReview": false, "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.746Z", "method": "Read the dated first-party announcement, separately from the blockchain extraction.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galaxy-executes-one-of-the-largest-notional-bitcoin-transactions-ever-302514123.html", "sha256": "4fa6798e831a98da6f49bf11e012a91523d560918c0df9626c8c3f8b4bdc91eb", "textHash": "36b127b7f2479e66e908287d476ff186cddf1cbb9f2c97208a89fa1f4fec624b" } ], "assertions": [] } } ] }, { "id": "el-salvador-onbtc-custody-attribution", "claim": "The accepted catalogue attributes its ONBTC reserve addresses to El Salvador’s National Bitcoin Office.", "publisher": "Degrees of Satoshi accepted catalogue", "attribution": "catalogue-attribution", "publicationDate": null, "publicationDateStatus": "not-established", "originalUrl": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv/api/v1/wallet/ONBTC", "originalExcerpt": null, "subject": "Government custody", "assessment": "unresolved", "assessmentExplanation": "The catalogue attribution is registered here. A public reserve dashboard can report an address but cannot alone prove exclusive government control or account for every government holding. No disposal is inferred.", "evidence": [ { "url": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv/api/v1/wallet/ONBTC", "retrieval": { "requestKey": "e6aae4ed00d07aa064115d16129de253558104b21f34ec3dfb1756f43cb80c10", "url": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv/api/v1/wallet/ONBTC", "finalUrl": "https://bitcoin.gob.sv/api/v1/wallet/ONBTC", "method": "GET", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-02T19:24:23.411Z", "status": 200, "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "f51b91e269058ff23b3e7bf650a05fad23c3a91c893fb7e5f1de2566833bbf03", "bytes": 190964 } } ], "verification": { "status": "reviewed-unresolved", "author": "Codex (automated research author)", "checkedAt": "2026-10-02T19:35:23.748Z", "method": "Inspected availability of the catalogue’s official reserve endpoint; ownership and complete government holdings remain unverified.", "evidence": [] }, "history": [ { "edition": "1.0.0", "assessment": "unresolved" } ], "citedTransactions": [] } ] }