Research data Version 2.2.0
Bitcoin Historical Event Catalog
A citable, source-linked index of the chronology—built for verification, reuse and fast fact-checking.
- Records
- 26
- Coverage
- 1976—2025
- Formats
- CSV · JSON
- Last reviewed
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Two formats, one immutable release
Version 2.2.0 preserves the same 26 records, evidence links and related pages at permanent file paths.Catalog
26 events, visible without a download
26 events
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| Date | Event | Plane | Era | Cited records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976—2004 | The parts existed before the system. | Pre-chain | Ideas before the network | 4 records |
| 31 October 2008 | A nine-page paper proposes electronic cash without a trusted third party. | Protocol | Ideas before the network | 2 records |
| 3 January 2009 | The genesis block fixes a starting point. | On-chain | Becoming money | 1 record |
| 8—12 January 2009 | Independent peers turn code into a network. | Network launch | Becoming money | 4 records |
| 12 October 2009—22 May 2010 | Direct trades make exchange value visible. | Market | Becoming money | 3 records |
| 15 August 2010 | A critical bug reveals that consensus is still software. | Consensus | Becoming money | 2 records |
| 23 April 2011 | Bitcoin continues without Satoshi’s public direction. | Governance | Becoming money | 2 records |
| 28 November 2012 | The subsidy falls from 50 BTC to 25 BTC. | Issuance | Markets and custody | 1 record |
| 11 March 2013 | Two software generations temporarily disagree. | Consensus | Markets and custody | 1 record |
| 18 March 2013 | Regulators distinguish users from money transmitters. | Law & policy | Markets and custody | 1 record |
| October 2013 | A seizure places Bitcoin inside a major criminal case. | Law & policy | Markets and custody | 1 record |
| 28 February 2014 | The dominant exchange collapses; the distinction between bitcoin and an IOU becomes unavoidable. | Custody | Markets and custody | 2 records |
| 9 July 2016 | The subsidy falls again, to 12.5 BTC. | Issuance | Markets and custody | 1 record |
| 2015—24 August 2017 | One dispute produces a protocol upgrade, a new chain and a lasting argument. | Consensus | Consensus under pressure | 5 records |
| 2016 proposal—15 March 2018 | Payment channels move repeated activity away from the base layer. | Second layer | Consensus under pressure | 2 records |
| 17—18 December 2017 | Bitcoin price risk enters a major futures venue. | Market | Consensus under pressure | 1 record |
| 11 May 2020 | The subsidy falls to 6.25 BTC. | Issuance | Consensus under pressure | 1 record |
| 11 August 2020 | A public company makes bitcoin a primary reserve asset. | Corporate treasury | Consensus under pressure | 1 record |
| May—July 2021 | Physical infrastructure migrates while the chain continues. | Mining | Institutions and states | 1 record |
| 7 September 2021 | A country makes bitcoin legal tender alongside the U.S. dollar. | Law & policy | Institutions and states | 2 records |
| 14 November 2021 | Schnorr signatures and selective revelation expand the scripting toolkit. | Consensus | Institutions and states | 3 records |
| November 2022 | Another intermediary failure repeats an old lesson at a larger institutional scale. | Custody | Institutions and states | 2 records |
| 29 August 2023—11 January 2024 | A court ruling forces reconsideration; exchange listings follow. | Financial wrapper | Institutions and states | 3 records |
| 20 April 2024 | The subsidy falls to 3.125 BTC per block. | Issuance | Institutions and states | 1 record |
| 29—30 January 2025 | The legal-tender regime is narrowed. | Law & policy | Institutions and states | 2 records |
| 6 March 2025 | An executive order establishes a federal holding policy for forfeited bitcoin. | Law & policy | Institutions and states | 1 record |
Method
What each record means
Download JSON Schemaid/record_number- The stable chronology fragment and its visible
REC 01–REC 26citation key. date- The chronology’s primary machine date;
start_dateandend_datepreserve visible event ranges. date_precision- Whether the primary machine date resolves to a day, month or year.
chapter- Machine label for the editorial era used by the illustrated chronology.
plane- Controlled evidence plane such as protocol, consensus, custody, market or law and policy.
locator- Human-readable pointer to a block height, BIP, court record, filing, law, archive or other evidence anchor.
sources- External records cited directly beside the event, kept separate from site navigation.
related_pages- Internal evidence dossiers and wallet records that extend the event.
The catalog is an editorial index, not a price series and not a claim that every event has equal historical weight. Block dates reproduce header timestamps; legal and institutional dates follow their issuing records. Versioned release files are immutable; the unversioned data paths remain aliases for the latest catalog. A source URL shows provenance, not automatic endorsement of every statement on that page.
Cite the dataset
Versioned for reproducible research
Degrees of Satoshi editorial project. Bitcoin Historical Event Catalog, version 2.2.0. 8 August 2026. https://degreesofsatoshi.com/history/data-and-sources/
When quoting an individual event, cite both this catalog and the linked primary record. Source materials retain their original rights and terms.
Evidence hierarchy
How sources are chosen
- Protocol recordsBlocks, transactions, BIPs, source code and immutable commits.
- Issuing recordsLaws, court opinions, regulator orders and official notices.
- Contemporary archivesMailing-list posts, project notices and dated disclosures.
- AnalysisUsed to explain context, clearly separated from what a primary record proves.